传统农业地区能值生态足迹分析——以贵州省从江县为例   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

焦雯珺  闵庆文  成升魁  张丹  孙业红 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2011,2(1):56-65

传统农业生态系统正面临着来自现代化发展及其带来的技术经济变革的严重威胁,在一些传统农业地区现代农业替代传统农业已经引发了严重的生态环境问题。生态足迹,作为可持续发展评价的方法之一,由于无法全面衡量人类活动对生态系统造成的各种影响,因此无法揭示传统农业地区真实的生态环境状况,也无法给出科学合理的可持续发展评价。能值生态足迹是对传统生态足迹的一种改进,试图利用能值分析理论的优点囊括人类利用生态系统产品和服务的各种活动。然而,目前能值生态足迹研究往往受到传统生态足迹理论的局限,无法真正将人类消费的各种资源、产品和服务纳入进来。为此,本文将生态系统服务概念引入能值生态足迹理论框架中,进一步改进和完善了能值生态足迹模型,使之能够全面衡量人类活动的生态环境影响。本文利用改进的能值生态足迹模型,以我国传统农业地区贵州省从江县为例,开展生态环境状况评估和可持续发展评价。结果表明,从江县2007年人均能值生态承载力为9.3311 ha,人均能值生态足迹为14.5638 ha,人均能值生态赤字为5.2327 ha。可见,从江县的生态承载力仅能满足当地居民消费总需求的64%,当地处于不可持续发展状态,生态环境状况不容乐观。这与传统生态足迹的评价结果差异十分显著。传统生态足迹评价结果显示,从江县的生态承载力不仅能够满足当地居民的消费需求而且有少量生态盈余。进一步分析显示,从江县居民对生态系统的污染物吸纳服务和侵蚀控制服务的消费,在从江县总生态足迹中占有相当大的比例。这说明,从江县传统农业生产方式受现代农业影响而发生的部分改变,所产生的生态环境影响已经逐步显现。过量施用化肥农药所引起的面源污染以及频繁翻耕和砍伐森林所引起的水土流失,已经严重威胁当地的生态环境健康和可持续发展。  相似文献   

中国西北地区石羊河流域农业生态系统能值评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘丽娟  李小玉  何兴元  肖笃宁  陈伟 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2011,(3):232-240

通过能值方法分析了石羊河流域农业生态系统的资源环境基础和经济特征。结果表明,石羊河流域中下游凉州区和民勤绿洲的能值总投入呈降低趋势,能值投资率都偏高,生产成本较大;能值产出率低,对购买能值的利用效率不高;但能值自给率有所提高;环境载荷率高,农业生态环境所受压力较大,系统可持续发展指标表明两个绿洲经济系统极为不发达,属于消费型经济系统,并且人均可用能值和能值密度都呈降低趋势。  相似文献   

“This is a Montreal Issue”: Negotiating responsibility in global production and investment networks     

Noah Quastel 《Geoforum》2011,42(4):451-461

While geographers have increasingly focused on how global commodity and production networks create new ‘geographies of responsibility’ there has been little empirical work considering how responsibility is worked into management systems and social activism in such networks. Drawing on literature from global production networks, geographies of responsibility and other literatures, this paper explores the dynamic and contested ways in which concepts of responsibility can play a role in network regulation. Both foreign direct investment and commodity networks (here referred to as ‘global production and investment networks’) are subject to complex negotiations and compromises involving corporate social responsibility and sustainability initiatives as well as shareholder activist, human rights, labor, and environmental activism. This is illustrated by reference to conflicts in Canada over Alcan, Inc.’s investments from 1993 to 2007 in the Utkal Alumina Project in Orissa, India. The project involved significant socio-environmental conflict. In Canada, Alcan’s investment was met by civil society campaigns that tested the company’s commitments to sustainability and corporate social responsibility. The case study suggests revising theories of geographies of responsibility. While foreign direct investment can create new relationships between distant others, these are fluid and contingent and not necessarily desirable. Rather than see networks as a source of responsibility we should work to ensure that the relationships that networks foster be structured to ensure our deeper values are respected.  相似文献   

青藏高原多年冻土区沼泽草甸土壤CH_4产生速率研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

赵拥华  杜二计  刘广岳  岳广阳 《冰川冻土》2011,33(5):999-1005

用实验室培养法对青藏高原多年冻土区沼泽草甸土壤不同温度条件下的CH4产生速率进行了研究.结果表明：CH4产生速率与温度之间呈现显著的指数关系,整个土壤剖面平均CH4生成速率和CH4生成速率初始值随温度的变化具有显著的相似性,都表现出随温度的升高而增加规律,0℃、5℃、18℃时的CH4生成速率分别是-18℃时的5.7、1...  相似文献   

基于主成分和模糊C-均值聚类算法的农业水资源高效利用综合分区   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘玉邦  梁川 《水文》2011,31(5):57-63

基于农业生态系统环境要素、水的资源属性、水资源的高效利用内涵、生产力水平、土地利用方式、种植结构及种植模式等因子,选取构建农业水资源高效利用综合分区的指标体系(16个定量指标、4个定性指标),采用主成分分析和模糊C-均值聚类算法为区划方法,对川中丘陵区进行量化分区。研究结果将川中丘陵区16个地级市和一个县级市(简阳)分为农业水资源较低利用区、农业水资源低效利用区、农业水资源中等利用区、农业水资源高效利用区和农业水资源较高效利用区5个区,这对南方季节性干旱区水资源利用规划有较强的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

河南省农用天气预报业务系统的设计与应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

余卫东  张广周  张弘 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(3):79-82

根据农用天气预报内容和业务流程,确定了河南省农用天气预报业务系统结构和功能。该业务系统主要包括农用天气预报省级指导产品制作平台、市县订正平台和省级产品订正发布平台三个部分。通过该系统可以实现省级农用天气预报指导产品的制作和分发自动化,市县对指导产品的调取、订正和反馈,省级农业气象服务产品在市、县级实时共享。农用天气预报业务系统的开发和推广,提升了基层农业气象预报服务能力。  相似文献   

Effects of reduced salt concentrations on plant communities in the River Werra (Germany)     

Eckhard Coring  Jürgen Bäthe 《Limnologica》2011,41(2):134-142

The reduction and equalization of the salt concentrations in the River Werra have resulted in a gradual recovery of the aquatic flora. Spatial high-resolution macrophyte mappings document the spread of the aquatic vascular plants in the middle and lower River Werra. Simultaneously, the plankton blooms have declined. Changes in the composition of the algal communities including diatoms also indicated lower salinity. In addition to the salinity, high nutrient concentrations, waste water discharges and structural degradation are important stressors in the River Werra as shown by e.g. low species richness of vascular plants and the common occurrence of pollution tolerant diatoms. From the existing data it is clear that an encompassing improvement of the ecological conditions in the River Werra can only be achieved by further restoration measures considering all stressors.  相似文献   

Net ecosystem metabolism of a coastal embayment fertilised by upwelling and continental runoff     

D. Villegas-Ríos  X.A. Álvarez-Salgado  G. Rosón 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(5):400-413

O₂, N, P and Si net ecosystem metabolism of the Ría de Ares-Betanzos (NW Iberian upwelling system) was estimated during two 3-wk periods of contrasting summer downwelling and autumn upwelling conditions by means of a transient 2-D kinematic box model. The subtidal circulation was positive in both situations, although it was depressed during downwelling and enhanced during upwelling. Concurrently, the ría was fertilised mainly by shelf bottom waters, which introduced from 69% (under downwelling) to almost 100% (under upwelling) of the limiting N nutrients. The ría was an efficient nutrient trap: about 70% of the N nutrients that entered the embayment were retained under downwelling conditions (average flushing time, 9 days) and about 50% under upwelling conditions (average flushing time 3 days). Although the trapping efficiency was lower, the net ecosystem production (NEP) was much higher under upwelling (from 1.0±0.3 to 1.5±0.4 g C m⁻² d⁻¹), than under downwelling favourable winds (from 0.2±0.1 to 0.3±0.1 g C m⁻²). The stoichiometry of NEP suggests that P and N compounds recycled faster than C compounds, specially in the inner segment of the ría. The net degree of silification was twice in the inner than in the outer segment of the ría.  相似文献   

浅谈厦门市大比例尺数字栅格地图的生产方法     

林先秀 《现代测绘》2011,34(6)

为了满足厦门市城市规划、设计和建设的需要,2009年厦门市国土资源与房产管理局组织实施了厦门市1∶2000比例尺地形图测绘及空间数据库建设Ⅱ期项目。该项目涵盖了多坐标系、多比例尺、多类别的共计17种产品。本文主要就厦门市1∶2000比例尺数字栅格图的生产方法做一些技术上的探讨。  相似文献   

厦门市基础测绘后续产品关键技术探讨     

龙敬琪  王立富  吴学峰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(5):246-247

介绍了在厦门市全要素1∶500数字地形图基础测绘的基础上进行后续产品生产,经过必要的数据处理,完成数字高程模型、路网数据、地理要素、地理对象等专题信息的制作,实现一图多用,充分提高了地形图的使用效率,提高了基础测绘成果的经济价值和社会价值。  相似文献